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Civil aviation, explained.

Safety, human factors, training and regulation — short, practical articles for pilots and student pilots.

Results for “Fatigue” — clear search

Pilot holding a coffee cup in the cockpit, with notes on microsleeps, distance travelled at 120 knots and fatigue countermeasures.

Human Factors29 May 2026

That pre-flight coffee may be hiding a bigger problem

Caffeine can mask fatigue, but it doesn't remove it. Why microsleeps are so dangerous, what the numbers look like at 120 knots, and what actually helps.

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Comparison of GPWS reactive warning ("terrain, pull up — too late") with TAWS predictive terrain display ("more time").

Safety12 April 2026

Fully airworthy, seconds from disaster: CFIT, GPWS and TAWS

Controlled Flight Into Terrain happens to aircraft that are working perfectly. How GPWS and TAWS differ, and why earlier awareness buys the time that saves lives.

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Civil aviation, explained.

That pre-flight coffee may be hiding a bigger problem

Fully airworthy, seconds from disaster: CFIT, GPWS and TAWS

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